The absolutely easiest way to write a JIT is to use Javascript and eval() (or "new Function()", which is just eval in a Java-shaped tuxedo). You can quite easily speed up little matching functions, especially arithmetic heavy ones, by just filling in some templates at runtime!
It has decent compatibility and good speed. Furthermore, I challenge anyone to find a PSX emulator with fewer lines of code with competitive speed and accuracy. To my knowledge, this is by far the simplest such implementation, and is able to do this by taking advantage of Javascript JIT compilation.
No I do not, in the same way that I would not take into account the complexity of the Python interpreter for Python emulator projects or the compiler for C or Rust projects. I would also not take into account the complexity of Retroarch for libretro-based emulator cores, because all of the actual challenging parts that effectively document the console still remain.
These are general-purpose tool chains. The real question is, using those tools, how easily can you make an emulator for a device with as much complexity as the PSX?
> in the same way that I would not take into account the complexity of the Python interpreter for Python emulator projects or the compiler for C or Rust projects.
I'm less inclined to care about compile dependencies, but I think it's absolutely worth caring about how heavy of runtime dependencies you're pulling into your project.
I've always really enjoyed Andrew Kelley's article about trying to statically recompile NES code from 2013 [1]. Basically he makes a ton of progress but gets hung up not just on the realities of the handwritten assembler of the era just not being all that great at mapping to higher level LLVM IR. In the conclusion he specifically calls out a JIT-type methodology as probably being the way to go, where you live-recompile the hot paths when you have the runtime data required to actually understand them, and don't worry about the parts you can't.
> Dolphin isn’t on iOS, because you can’t do JIT compilation on iOS....Well, Apple has one exception to its JIT restrictions: web browsers. JavaScriptCore, WebKit’s JS engine, uses JIT compilation for its higher-performance tiers. So, if a JS function is called enough times, eventually it’ll be optimised and compiled into native machine code. The same is true for WebAssembly.
I was wondering about the why of the headline, and this is a really interesting answer. Such a beautiful way to get around restrictions. I wonder how applicable it is to other projects.
Restrictions aside, many years ago I landed a self-hosted Array.sort implementation in Firefox's JS Engine that performed better than the native C++ implementation :] -- it's a recurring theme.
What are you basing this statement on? The code comments read very human to me. Your the one hurting their chances of finding a job by falsely saying this.
Every company they apply to will be leveraging LLMs. Time to get over it. No need to be grumpy old man about such things. Every generation has faced such foes. The old always yields to the new.
You can’t vibe code a production capable C compiler if you’ve never written one.
Sure, companies are asking for LLM experience. But whether they know it or not they are also hiring someone who knows what they’re doing with the output.
Projects like this are still worth doing by hand. I’d dare say it’s even enjoyable.
I don't disagree with you. I just don't think it's particularly charitable for a presumably seasoned developer to not only go out of their way to accuse some junior of using LLMs but then declare that this obviously makes them unemployable.
True, but the WASM JIT is pretty low overhead because WASM seems to be a good design for what it needs to do. It's what I was referring to with the 20% overhead figure.
In order to use this, you need another device to initiate a debugging session on the given process. This is fine for sideloading Dolphin using your developer credentials but is not an acceptable solution for other kinds of apps. Some people might not want their app to be debuggable by randos, and requiring a tether to kickstart the app - even if it's just another iPhone - is cumbersome and user-hostile.
In contrast, spinning up a WebView works everywhere and App Review probably won't even notice or care what you're doing.
I would not expect the average undergraduate to understand the intricacies of how iOS does dynamic codesigning enforcement. There are plenty of people who have graduated with advanced degrees and work at Apple who don't really understand how it works, either.
Very cool! I did something similar using Dolphin and LLVM, 16 years ago during my masters, for a course on virtual machines. I compiled the interpreter to LLVM bitcode and then used it that to build basic blocks. It was super slow, but it worked, and I had lots of fun working on it.
On Mednafen I can speed up the emulator up to 4x while compiling c++ under an n270 netbook. With GCC, not Clang. Without compiling I might yield 16x speeds and more with ease.
No it’s not. It’s just not. If someone doesn’t like what I wrote they can hack it, ignore it, or vibe code up an alternative for their Xerox Alto for all I care.
Privilege has nothing to do with it, nor does respect. Wtf.
The absolutely easiest way to write a JIT is to use Javascript and eval() (or "new Function()", which is just eval in a Java-shaped tuxedo). You can quite easily speed up little matching functions, especially arithmetic heavy ones, by just filling in some templates at runtime!
Here's an example used in PuzzleScript: https://github.com/increpare/PuzzleScript/blob/dc1e0fc979365...
This is true, and is why I think Javascript is underrated for emulation.
For example, this PSX emulator: https://github.com/kootstra-rene/enge-js
It has decent compatibility and good speed. Furthermore, I challenge anyone to find a PSX emulator with fewer lines of code with competitive speed and accuracy. To my knowledge, this is by far the simplest such implementation, and is able to do this by taking advantage of Javascript JIT compilation.
> To my knowledge, this is by far the simplest such implementation
Are you taking into account the complexity of v8?
No I do not, in the same way that I would not take into account the complexity of the Python interpreter for Python emulator projects or the compiler for C or Rust projects. I would also not take into account the complexity of Retroarch for libretro-based emulator cores, because all of the actual challenging parts that effectively document the console still remain.
These are general-purpose tool chains. The real question is, using those tools, how easily can you make an emulator for a device with as much complexity as the PSX?
> in the same way that I would not take into account the complexity of the Python interpreter for Python emulator projects or the compiler for C or Rust projects.
I'm less inclined to care about compile dependencies, but I think it's absolutely worth caring about how heavy of runtime dependencies you're pulling into your project.
I've always really enjoyed Andrew Kelley's article about trying to statically recompile NES code from 2013 [1]. Basically he makes a ton of progress but gets hung up not just on the realities of the handwritten assembler of the era just not being all that great at mapping to higher level LLVM IR. In the conclusion he specifically calls out a JIT-type methodology as probably being the way to go, where you live-recompile the hot paths when you have the runtime data required to actually understand them, and don't worry about the parts you can't.
Very cool to see something like that in action.
[1]: https://andrewkelley.me/post/jamulator.html
> Dolphin isn’t on iOS, because you can’t do JIT compilation on iOS....Well, Apple has one exception to its JIT restrictions: web browsers. JavaScriptCore, WebKit’s JS engine, uses JIT compilation for its higher-performance tiers. So, if a JS function is called enough times, eventually it’ll be optimised and compiled into native machine code. The same is true for WebAssembly.
I was wondering about the why of the headline, and this is a really interesting answer. Such a beautiful way to get around restrictions. I wonder how applicable it is to other projects.
Restrictions aside, many years ago I landed a self-hosted Array.sort implementation in Firefox's JS Engine that performed better than the native C++ implementation :] -- it's a recurring theme.
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=715181
This is an incredible project for an undergraduate. Very impressive. Interesting to note that Firefox is 25% slower than Chrome/Safari, I wonder why.
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What are you basing this statement on? The code comments read very human to me. Your the one hurting their chances of finding a job by falsely saying this.
I'd hire an undergraduate who can produce this level of work with Claude.
Likewise. When we talk about being able to use AI tooling to do cool things, this is the type of thing that comes to mind.
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Every company they apply to will be leveraging LLMs. Time to get over it. No need to be grumpy old man about such things. Every generation has faced such foes. The old always yields to the new.
For the times they are a-changin'
You can’t vibe code a production capable C compiler if you’ve never written one.
Sure, companies are asking for LLM experience. But whether they know it or not they are also hiring someone who knows what they’re doing with the output.
Projects like this are still worth doing by hand. I’d dare say it’s even enjoyable.
I don't disagree with you. I just don't think it's particularly charitable for a presumably seasoned developer to not only go out of their way to accuse some junior of using LLMs but then declare that this obviously makes them unemployable.
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Of course it beats a native interpreter. WASM overhead is about 20%, interpreter overhead is about 1000%.
What's cool here is to have a GameBoy JIT runtime at all.
It's two jits in total.
True, but the WASM JIT is pretty low overhead because WASM seems to be a good design for what it needs to do. It's what I was referring to with the 20% overhead figure.
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> Apple has one exception to its JIT restrictions: web browsers
i wonder if they ever let native apps compile and run wasm directly instead of opening a browser window.
The author's base assumption, and stated motivation for doing this project, is wrong.
https://github.com/StephenDev0/StikDebug
For an undergrad project, I suppose it's fine to conveniently forget about the existence of this solution for the sake of getting a good grade.
In order to use this, you need another device to initiate a debugging session on the given process. This is fine for sideloading Dolphin using your developer credentials but is not an acceptable solution for other kinds of apps. Some people might not want their app to be debuggable by randos, and requiring a tether to kickstart the app - even if it's just another iPhone - is cumbersome and user-hostile.
In contrast, spinning up a WebView works everywhere and App Review probably won't even notice or care what you're doing.
I would not expect the average undergraduate to understand the intricacies of how iOS does dynamic codesigning enforcement. There are plenty of people who have graduated with advanced degrees and work at Apple who don't really understand how it works, either.
Ok
It’s wrong ‘for sideloaded apps that have the get-task-allow entitlement.’
It’s right for ‘regular’ apps.
Very interesting article. Would've been fun to see the comparison between native interpreter & JIT-on-WASM on iOS as well
Very cool! I did something similar using Dolphin and LLVM, 16 years ago during my masters, for a course on virtual machines. I compiled the interpreter to LLVM bitcode and then used it that to build basic blocks. It was super slow, but it worked, and I had lots of fun working on it.
Still doesn't beat a natively-coded emulator. I got several that run faster on a 166MHz non-MMX Pentium than this emulator does on my Core Ultra i9.
On Mednafen I can speed up the emulator up to 4x while compiling c++ under an n270 netbook. With GCC, not Clang. Without compiling I might yield 16x speeds and more with ease.
So it's a JIT-in-JIT? JiJIT?
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yet on real old hardware it would be 20x slower in real life. same as all native javascript junk - its fast, but non usuable on older hardware
Here's a nickel kid. Go buy yourself a real computer.
How much RAM would a nickel buy me?
based on the tracked average of $12.65/gb from rampricesusa you could get about 4mb of ddr5
Good thing I'm not running games on my 4gb Pentium 4 then.
Your code running on other people’s hardware is a privilege. Treat it with respect.
No it’s not. It’s just not. If someone doesn’t like what I wrote they can hack it, ignore it, or vibe code up an alternative for their Xerox Alto for all I care.
Privilege has nothing to do with it, nor does respect. Wtf.
You can also like not run the Gameboy emulator